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Genus: Vesivirus

    Species: Vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV)

Serotypes:
vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV; 13 serotypes)
San Miguel sea lion virus (SMSV; 16+ serotypes)
bovine calicivirus (BCV; Bos-1, Bos-2)
primate calicivirus (PCV; Pan-1)
cetacean calicivirus (CCV; Tur-1)
skunk calicivirus (SCV)
rabbit calicivirus (RaCV)
reptile calicivirus (RCV; Cro-1)
walrus calicivirus (WCV)
Vesicular exanthema of swine virus (VESV)
Virus Strain Region Length Accession No. Reference Comments
VESV-B34 swine/B1-34/San Jose/CA/1934
 (aka 1934B)
CG 8329 KM269481 Logan et al., 2014  
2C-like helicase(p) 298 U18480 Neill et al., 1995  
polymerase(p) 295 U18736 Neill et al., 1995  
VESV-A48 swine/Fontana/CA/1948 CG 8284 U76874 Neill et al., 1998;
Neill et al., unpublished (b)
 
2C-like helicase(p) 357 U14678 Seal et al., 1995  
2C-like helicase(p) 357 U18481 Neill et al., 1995  
polymerase(p) 519 U14677 Seal et al., 1995  
polymerase(p) 520 U18737 Neill et al., 1995  
capsid (region A) 712 AJ131384 Reid et al., 1999  
VESV-B51 swine/Davis/CA/1951 pol(p)+capsid(p) 1668 DQ666632 Reid et al., 2007  
VESV-C52 swine/San Francisco/CA/1952 2C-like helicase(p) 295 U18482 Neill et al., 1995  
polymerase(p) 373 U18738 Neill et al., 1995
pol(p)+capsid(p) 1668 DQ666633 Reid et al., 2007  
VESV-D53 swine/Riverside/CA/1953          
VESV-E54 swine/Warm Springs/CA/1954 2C-like helicase(p) 301 U18483 Neill et al., 1995  
polymerase(p) 309 U18739 Neill et al., 1995  
VESV-F55 swine/FS 330/San Mateo/CA/1955          
VESV-G55 swine/FS 332/San Mateo/CA/1955 pol(p)+capsid(p) 1668 DQ666637 Reid et al., 2007  
VESV-H54 swine/FS 315/San Mateo/CA/1954          
VESV-I55 swine/GF 1/San Mateo/CA/1955 2C-like helicase(p) 298 U18484 Neill et al., 1995  
polymerase(p) 307 U18740 Neill et al., 1995  
VESV-J56 swine/Sec. 3-56/Secaucus/NJ/1956          
VESV-K54 swine/Sec. 3-54/Secaucus/NJ/1954 pol(p)+capsid(p) 1668 DQ666634 Reid et al., 2007  
             
San Miguel sea lion virus (SMSV)
Virus Strain Region Length Accession No. Reference Comments
SMSV-1 csl/1MR/San Miguel Is./CA/1972 pol(p), complete capsid 2745 M87481 Neill, 1992  
CG 8284 U15301 Neill et al., 1995;
Neill et al., unpublished (a)
 
SMSV-2 csl/2MR/San Miguel Is./CA/1972 2C-like helicase(p) 357 U18476 Neill et al., 1995  
polymerase(p) 520 U18730 Neill et al., 1995  
capsid (region A) 564 U76881 Neill et al., 1998  
capsid (region A) 593 AJ131385 Reid et al., 1999  
capsid (region E) 660 U76882 Neill et al., 1998  
pol(p)+capsid(p) 1668 DQ666629 Reid et al., 2007  
SMSV-3 was later shown to be a mixture of SMSV-1 and SMSV-2
SMSV-4 csl/15FT/San Miguel Is./CA/1973 pol(p) + complete capsid 2744 M87482 a) Neill, 1992  
non-struct. genes 3653 U15302 b) Neill et al., 1995  
2C 357 U14673 c) Seal et al., 1995  
pol 519 U14674 d) Seal et al., 1995  
capsid (region A) 543 AJ131386 Reid et al., 1999  
pol(p)+capsid(p) 1668 DQ666630 Reid et al., 2007  
SMSV-5 nfs/205/St. Paul Is./AK/1973 2C-like helicase(p) 357 U18477 Neill et al., 1995  
polymerase(p) 520 U18731 Neill et al., 1995  
polymerase(p) 453 U52093 Matson et al., 1996  
capsid (region A) 520 U76883 Neill et al., 1998  
capsid (region E) 678 U76884 Neill et al., 1998  
3C-like 280 DQ300285 Smith et al., 2006  
human/EB-1/Corvallis/OR/1987 (Hom-1) pol(p) 453 U62327 Smith et al., 1998  
CG 8399 KY114613 Sosnovtsev et al., 2017  
human/4 capsid (region E) 435 DQ300286 Smith et al., 2006  
SMSV-6 csl/439/San Miguel Is./CA/1975 2C-like helicase(p) 357 U18478 Neill et al., 1995  
polymerase(p) 419 U18732 Neill et al., 1995  
capsid (region A) 520 U76885 Neill et al., 1998  
capsid (region A) 671 AJ131387 Reid et al., 1999  
capsid (region E) 675 U76886 Neill et al., 1998  
SMSV-7 perch/Gn-21/San Nicholas Is./CA/1976 2C-like helicase(p) 357 U18479 Neill et al., 1995  
polymerase(p) 414 U18733 Neill et al., 1995  
capsid (region A) 508 U76887 Neill et al., 1998  
capsid (region E) 676 U76888 Neill et al., 1998  
SMSV-8 not a member of the VESV species          
SMSV-9 csl/427T/San Miguel Is./CA/1975 polymerase(p) 450 U52090 Matson et al., 1996  
csl/P163N/San Miguel Is./CA/1992 capsid 2124 AY772539 Zintz et al., unpublished  
csl/P127N/San Miguel Is./CA/1992 capsid 2132 AY772543 Zintz et al., unpublished  
csl/P163R/San Miguel Is./CA/1992 capsid 2120 AY772544 Zintz et al., unpublished  
SMSV-10 nfs/V-31-77/St. Paul Is./AK/1977 pol(p)+capsid(p) 1668 DQ666631 Reid et al., 2007  
SMSV-11 nfs/804T/San Miguel Is./CA/1977          
SMSV-12 not a member of the VESV species          
SMSV-13 csl/CSL-461/Fort Cronkhite/CA/1984 2C-like helicase(p) 357 U18474 Neill et al., 1995  
polymerase(p) 543 U18734 Neill et al., 1995  
polymerase(p) 450 U52087 Matson et al., 1996  
capsid (region A) 447 U76877 Neill et al., 1998  
capsid (region A) 723 AJ131388 Reid et al., 1999  
capsid (region E) 607 U76878 Neill et al., 1998  
pol(p)+capsid(p) 1668 DQ666636 Reid et al., 2007  
SMSV-14 csl/A1280/San Miguel Is./CA/1987 2C-like helicase(p) 357 U18475 Neill et al., 1995  
polymerase(p) 436 U18735 Neill et al., 1995  
capsid (region A) 520 U76879 Neill et al., 1998  
capsid (region E) 666 U76880 Neill et al., 1998  
SMSV-15 csl/220R/San Miguel Is./CA/1988 polymerase(p) 453 U52088 Matson et al., 1996  
SMSV-16 csl/Zc-698/San Diego/CA/1988 polymerase(p) 453 U52089 Matson et al., 1996  
SMSV-17 csl/Zc-91PG/San Miguel Is./CA/1991 polymerase(p) 453 U52094 Matson et al., 1996  
capsid 2650 U52005 Matson et al., 1996  
SMSV-9221 csl/9221/CA/2009 capsid (region A) 723 JX244193 Wright et al., unpub.  
             
Bovine calicivirus (BCV) - Bos-1
Virus Strain Region Length Accession No. Reference Comments
BCV cattle/217T/Tillamook/OR/1981 2C-like helicase(p) 357 U18470 Neill et al., 1995  
polymerase(p) 520 U18741 Neill et al., 1995  
capsid (region A) 427 U76875 Neill et al., 1998  
capsid (region E) 666 U76876 Neill et al., 1998  
             
Bovine calicivirus (BCV) - Bos-2
Virus Strain Region Length Accession No. Reference Comments
BCV cattle/Bos-2 polymerase(p) 448 AY069947 Smith et al., 2002  
             
California sea lion vesivirus (CSLV)
Virus Strain Region Length Accession No. Reference Comments
CSLV csl/02012181/CA pol(p)+capsid(p) 1668 DQ666635 Reid et al., 2007  
             
Cetacean calicivirus (CCV) - Tur-1
Virus Strain Region Length Accession No. Reference Comments
CCV dolphin/78-0041/San Diego/CA/1979 2C-like helicase(p) 301 U18471 Neill et al., 1995  
polymerase(p) 453 U52091 Matson et al., 1996  
             
Primate calicivirus (PCV) - Pan-1
Virus Strain Region Length Accession No. Reference Comments
PCV gorilla/78-0022/San Diego/CA/1979 2C-like helicase(p) 301 U18472 Neill et al., 1995
polymerase(p) 489 U18742 Neill et al., 1995  
PCV  chimp/78-0029/San Diego/CA/1978 CG 8304 AF091736 Rinehart-Kim et al., 1998  
polymerase(p) 453 U52086 Matson et al., 1996  
             
Rabbit calicivirus (RaCV)
Virus Strain Region Length Accession No. Reference Comments
RaCV rabbit/S-4/OR/1996 CG 8380 AJ866991 Martin Alonso et al., 2005  
             
Reptile calicivirus (RCV) - Cro-1
Virus Strain Region Length Accession No. Reference Comments
RCV rattlesnake/78-0002/San Diego/CA/1978 polymerase(p) 453 U52092 Matson et al., 1996  
capsid 2118 AY772542 Zintz et al., unpublished  
RCV viper/78-0023/San Diego/CA/1978 capsid 2133 AY772538 Zintz et al., unpublished  
RCV rattlesnake/78-0010/San Diego/CA/1978 capsid 2118 AY772540 Zintz et al., unpublished  
RCV rattlesnake/78-0003/San Diego/CA/1978 capsid 2130 AY772541 Zintz et al., unpublished  
RCV rattlesnake/780032I/San Diego/CA/1978 CG 8306 JX047864 Sandoval-Jaime et al., 2012  
             
Skunk calicivirus (SCV)
Virus Strain Region Length Accession No. Reference Comments
SCV skunk/original 2C-like helicase(p) 357 U18473 Neill et al., 1995  
polymerase(p) 520 U18743 Neill et al., 1995  
SCV skunk/4-1L 2C(p) 357 U14667 Seal et al., 1995 large plaque of isolate 4
polymerase(p) 519 U14668 Seal et al., 1995
SCV skunk/4-2S 2C(p) 357 U14669 Seal et al., 1995 small plaque of isolate 4
polymerase(p) 519 U14670 Seal et al., 1995
SCV skunk/7-2L & 7-3L 2C(p) 357 U14671 Seal et al., 1995 two large plaques of isolate 7
polymerase(p) 519 U14672 Seal et al., 1995
             
Steller sea lion vesivirus (SSLV-V810)
Virus Strain Region Length Accession No. Reference Comments
SSLV-V810 SSL2002-379SE CG 8302 EF193004 McClenahan et al., 2008 USA: Alaska, SW Brothers
             
Steller sea lion vesivirus (SSLV-V1415)
Virus Strain Region Length Accession No. Reference Comments
SSLV-V1415 SSL2004-250F CG 8305 EF195384 McClenahan et al., 2008 USA: Alaska, Cape Horn Rocks
             
Walrus calicivirus (WCV)
Virus Strain Region Length Accession No. Reference Comments
WCV walrus/7420/Chukchi Sea/1977 CG 8289 AF321298 Ganova-Raeva et al., 2004
             
Untyped
Virus Strain Region Length Accession No. Reference Comments
Untyped N102 (human) pol(p) 113 DQ300287 Smith et al., 2006  
Untyped N104 (human) pol(p) 113 DQ300288 Smith et al., 2006  
Untyped 214 (human) pol(p) 113 DQ300289 Smith et al., 2006  
Untyped 298 (human) pol(p) 112 DQ300290 Smith et al., 2006  
Untyped 310 (human) pol(p) 113 DQ300291 Smith et al., 2006  
Untyped N330 (human) pol(p) 113 DQ300292 Smith et al., 2006
             
CG = complete genome
(p) = partial gene sequence
N/A = not available on the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases
csl, California se lion
nfs, Northern fur seal
ssl, Steller sea lion

References

Ganova-Raeva, L., Smith, A.W., Fields, H. and Khudyakov, Y. (2004). New calicivirus isolated from walrus. Virus Res. 102: 207-213.

Logan, G., Freimanis, G.L., King, D.J., Valdazo-González, B., Bachanek-Bankowska, K., Sanderson, N.D., Knowles, N.J., King, D.P. and Cottam, E.M. (2014). A universal protocol to generate consensus level genome sequences for foot-and-mouth disease virus and other positive-sense polyadenylated RNA viruses using the Illumina MiSeq. BMC Genomics. 2014 Sep 30;15(1):828. Epub ahead of print.

Martin Alonso, J.M., Skilling, D.E., Gonzalez Molleda, L., del Barrio, G., RA Machin, A., Keefer, N.K., Matson, D.O., Iversen, P.L., Smith, A.W., Parra, F. (2005). Isolation and characterization of a new Vesivirus from rabbits. Virology 337: 373-383.

Matson, D.O., Zhong, W.-M., Adams, V., McCabe, E.R.B. and Smith, A.W. Characterization of the primate calicivirus PCV (Pan-1) genome. Unpublished.

Matson, D.O., Berke, T., Dinulos, M.B., Poet, E., Zhong, W.-M., Dai, X.M., Jiang, X., Golding, B. and Smith, A.V. (1996). Partial characterization of the genome of nine animal caliciviruses. Arch. Virol. 141: 2443-2456.

Neill, J.D. (1992). Nucleotide sequence of the capsid protein gene of two serotypes of San Miguel sea lion virus: identification of conserved and non-conserved amino acid sequences among calicivirus capsid proteins. Virus Res. 24: 221-222.

Neill, J.D. (b). Nucleotide sequence of the non-structural gene of San Miguel sea lion virus serotypes 1 and 4. Unpublished. (John D. Neill, VCR, National Animal Disease Center, P. O. Box 70, Ames, IA 50010, USA)

Neill, J.D., Meyer, R.F. and Seal, B.S. (1995). Genetic relatedness of the caliciviruses: San Miguel sea lion and the vesicular exanthema of swine viruses constitute a single genotype within the Caliciviridae. J. Virol. 69: 4484-4488.

Neill, J.D., Meyer, R.F. and Seal, B.S. (1998). The capsid protein of vesicular exanthema of swine virus serotype A48: relationship to the capsid protein of other animal caliciviruses. Virus Res. 54: 39-50.

Neill, J.D., Seal, B.S. and Ridpath, J.F. Complete nucleotide sequence of San Miguel sea lion virus serotype 1. Unpublished (a).

Neill J.D., Meyer R.F., Seal B.S. Complete nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of vesicular exanthema of swine virus A48". Unpublished (b).

Reid, S.M., Ansell, D.M., Ferris, N.P., Hutchings, G.H., Knowles, N.J. and Smith, A.W. (1999). Development of a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction procedure for the detection of marine caliciviruses with potential application for nucleotide sequencing. Journal of Virological Methods 82: 99-107.

Reid, S.M., King, D.P., Shaw, A.E., Knowles, N.J., Hutchings, G.H., Cooper, E.J., Smith, A.W. and Ferris, N.P. (2007). Development of a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of marine caliciviruses (genus Vesivirus). J. Virol. Methods 140: 166-173.

Rinehart-Kim, J.E., Zhong, W.M., Jiang, X., Smith, A.W., Matson, D.O. (1998). Complete nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of a primate calicivirus, Pan-1. Arch. Virol. 0: 0000-000.

Sandoval-Jaime, C., Parra, G.I., Smith, A.W., Green, K.Y., Sosnovtsev, S.V. (2012). Genetic characterization of a reptilian calicivirus (Cro1). Virol J. 9: 297 [Epub 2012 Nov 29].

Seal, B.S., Lutze-Wallace, C., Kreutz, L.C., Sapp, T., Dulac, G.C. and Neill, J.D. (1995). Isolation of caliciviruses from skunks that are antigenically and genotypically related to San Miguel sea lion virus. Virus Research 37: 1-12.

Smith, A.W., Berry, E.S., Skilling, D.E., Barlough, J.E., Poet, S.E., Berke, T., Mead, J. and Matson, D.O. (1998). In vitro isolation and characterization of a calicivirus causing a vesicular disease of the hands and feet. Clin. Infect. Dis. 26: 434-439.

Smith, A.W., Skilling, D.E., Matson, D.O., Kroeker, A.D., Stein, D.A., Berke, T. and Iversen, P.L. (2002). Detection of vesicular exanthema of swine-like calicivirus in tissues from a naturally infected spontaneously aborted bovine fetus. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 220: 455-458.

Smith, A.W., Iversen, P.L., Skilling, D.E., Stein, D.A., Bok, K. and Matson, D.O. (2006). Vesivirus viremia and seroprevalence in humans. J. Med. Virol. 78: 693-701.

Zintz, C.B., Bok, K., Pager, C., Krishna, N.K., Smith, A.W. and Matson, D.O. Molecular characterization and prediction of tertiary structure of complete capsid genes of unknown animal calicivirus isolates. Unpublished. [Pediatrics, Center for Pediatric Research-EVMS, 855 West Brambleton Avenue, Norfolk, VA 23510, USA]

Page established: 14/11/1996

 
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